Enamel is the hardest tissue in the human body. Unfortunately, its composition changes with age, increasing the number of inorganic components in the tooth. As a result, enamel becomes more brittle, wears away, and becomes more susceptible to diseases such as tooth decay and problems such as chipping and breakage. Enamel loss exposes the dentin, which is the hard, yellowish tissue located beneath the enamel (the tooth’s outer layer) and above the pulp (the inner core containing nerves and blood vessels). It makes up the majority of a tooth’s structure and helps support the enamel.
Unlike enamel, dentin is porous and sensitive — it contains microscopic tubules that connect to the tooth’s nerve. When enamel wears away or gums recede, these tubules can become exposed, causing tooth sensitivity or pain. Because dentin is softer than enamel, it’s also more prone to decay and damage once exposed.
As we age, the risk of tooth tissue loss and root caries increases. Tooth sensitivity can also become a growing problem as we get older. This occurs because gums naturally recede with age, exposing tooth surfaces that lack protective enamel. Teeth can therefore react with sharp, short-term pain to hot and cold foods, sweet or sour substances, and even light brushing. In extreme cases, they may ache from exposure to cold air.
Dry mouth is another common issue among older adults, often caused by medical conditions or certain medications. While it may seem minor, dry mouth contributes to tooth damage since saliva plays a vital role in cleaning teeth, strengthening enamel, and neutralizing harmful bacteria. Reduced saliva production allows decay to develop more easily, leading to tartar buildup, gingivitis, and even periodontal disease.
Older adults are also more vulnerable to gum disease. Though it can affect anyone, the likelihood increases significantly after the age of forty.
How does the appearance of teeth change with age?
Teeth, like the rest of the body, show visible signs of aging. They may become yellow or dull as enamel thins and stains accumulate from years of consuming coffee, tea, wine, or tobacco. The shape of teeth may also change due to gradual wear on the chewing and biting surfaces. As enamel wears down, dentin becomes exposed—and since dentin naturally darkens with age, the changes are often noticeable.
With time, the increase in inorganic enamel components causes teeth to lose their shine and translucency. These natural aging processes, combined with lifestyle habits, make teeth more prone to chipping or cracking. Even minor impacts or biting on something hard can cause damage when enamel has weakened over the years.
How to care for your teeth in old age
Maintaining proper oral hygiene is essential at any age. Thorough brushing twice a day, daily flossing, and the use of fluoride toothpaste help protect enamel and prevent decay. Regular dental checkups are also crucial for monitoring tooth and gum health, allowing early intervention before minor issues become serious.
In conclusion
Yes, teeth can chip with age. As enamel weakens and gums recede, teeth become more brittle and vulnerable to damage from everyday wear or accidental impact. However, with consistent oral care, a balanced diet, and regular dental visits, you can protect your teeth, preserve their strength, and maintain a confident smile well into later life. Come see us today to protect and enhance your smile!